Literature review demonstrates what you have written, how the study is done and with what objective, how the difficulty are discussed, and offers a sight of how professionally you have finished the complete dissertation assignment. Dissertation Literature review is necessary when you come to format dissertation. Literature review could be important as it greatly influences the thoughts of the person who reads. Different an itemized list of contents, dissertation literature review demands very detailed description of the entire dissertation assignment. It demands ability sincere and tireless hard work and greater understanding of the spirit of the dissertation assignment. Furthermore, whatsoever you say in the literature review must by no means be your opinion, but what you talk about should have a hard bear of the particulars.
At the same time as it comes to write the dissertation literature review, many locate the tasks, like the cross referencing, indexing, etc., awfully puzzling and annoying. At this point, in its place of speculating as what to do and how to do, why not get the specialized help? It would create your life easy, ease your stress and cover the way for the achievement in your objective.
It is also important to get into the habit at an early stage of always ensuring that you have an up-to-date back-up of your work.
The dissertation literature review should start with the research question, to which all the literature reviewed must be relevant, and it should explain die relevance of the topic to practice4. The process of searching must be undertaken systematically'"' and should provide a comprehensive overview and summary about what is known about the research area. This need for the review to be comprehensive is in order to expose any different viewpoints about the research topic.
The review should include primary data arising from quantitative and qualitative studies and the reviews of these papers, as well as information arising from non-research papers, e.g., editorials, letters to the editor, discussion documents, commissioned research reports, government documents, as appropriate5. It is worth remembering, therefore, that dissertation literature reviews need not exclusively report only on research -based publications.
If this is not undertaken correctly, using appropriate research terms, then when it comes to the discussion section, the research findings may not be accurately embedded in the body of knowledge.
Writing a dissertation literature review is a research methodology in its own right so. Before starting the search for relevant literature, you must ensure that you have an effective way of recording the references from your search.
Bibliographic software packages, e.g. Endnote, Reference Manager, and Procite, aid in database searching and the compilation of reference lists. They also allow you to make notes on the literature, which is important, especially when short-time library loans and inter-library loans mean that material referred to ma)' have to be returned before you have been able to include it in your Dissertation writing. Otherwise, less sophisticated methods, such as index cards or entering each reference to a reference list whilst writing up, are alternative methods.
The third in a series of practical guides about writing for publication, presentation, or dissertation. This month, the importance of the literature review and how to get it right.
Introduction
A Dissertation Literature Review Is Defined As: 'a systematic... method for identifying, evaluating and interpreting work produced by researchers, scholars and practitioners''. It is undertaken because, without it, 'the writer will not acquire an understanding of their topic, of what has already been done on it. How it has been researched, and what the key issues are'2. Furthermore, it provides the reader with the relevant background of what has already been undertaken in the field, so providing a context for the work.
The Fundamentals of Review
In my experience, many literature reviews, particularly from novice writers, do not exactly reproduce the relevant literature, resulting in its failure to correctly synthesize key information from various educational papers, which often reflect different educational viewpoints on a dissertation.
The natural interest of researchers and designers is to study the dynamic response of multistory buildings. The interest on these buildings is due to their use for residential, commercial, and industrial applications. These buildings must be designed to withstand the design spectrum accepted by the building code applicable to the site.
When the Earthquake Engineering started its development as a scientific discipline, arguably in the 1950's, the solution of the mathematical model of multistory buildings was impractical. Researchers had to use numerical methods to solve the ordinary differential equations derived for the dynamic system, excited by an earthquake time-history. Despite that linear behavior of the models was assumed, the amount of computational work required to solve the numerical problem was huge.
Thus, researchers had to limit their studies to one story buildings. The one story models were simple versions of realistic buildings. Usually, complete plane frames of the building had to be modeled with a single shear beam (SB) element, and the layout of frames reduced to four elements, two on each orthogonal direction.
Another reason to study one story buildings was to start learning from these simpler cases, to move later to more complex cases (multistory buildings). Since that time, one story models have been studied by different researchers. At the beginning, the technological conditions forced researchers to use one story models, but in more recent times, when the technological conditions have changed radically, disappearing many restrictions, the continuing use of these simple models is harder to justify.
As early as 1969, Anderson and Bertero worked with multistory steel frames (1999) to observe their seismic behavior, when the frames can develop strong column-weak beam plastic mechanisms. They did not study the torsional response of the building. To the best knowledge of the author, there are scarce studies of torsional response of multistory buildings done from the 1960's to the present time. Some studies were done considering elastic behavior of the building. Dissertation Literature Review
In the context of the growing rainfalls and other natural calamities like tsunami, sustainable two-storey buildings have been used and will continue to be used for providing shelters, safety and conform to its lodgers. However, the building design is an important consideration that affects the ability of the building to isolate the waste and protect the environment.
The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the sustainable two-storey building design, the choice of materials ( recycles, reusable), environmental impact, adaptability / flexibility of the design and the choice of construction methods ( single connection , elements easy to dismantle). Dissertation Literature Review
The overall objective of this research is to gain a better understanding of the materials used and the design of a sustainable for life two-storey building. For this purpose, this research focuses on the behavior of buildings designed with the criteria of the philosophy of Capacity Design, i.e., buildings are capable of developing plastic mechanisms in the response to the maximum considered earthquake.
In the design practice a variety of structural systems are used. However it is not realistic to attempt finding patterns of behavior for each one of these structural systems, in the limited time available for this research. Thus, the research is restricted to study the behavior of framed buildings. Simplified framed buildings are adopted to study this type of structural system.
Within this context, the following specific objectives are pursued herein:
·Description of the mathematical model of a one story and a multi story prototype buildings.
·Design of a two-story prototype buildings.
·Search for patterns of behavior of buildings responding in a torsional mode.
·Perform parametric studies of the one-story and the three-story buildings.
The life cycle of concrete buildings is usually 40 to 90 years. However, during this life cycle, buildings will often meet some circumstances, such as disasters, changing functions, city reconstruction, or higher demand for the residence etc.; all of these circumstances will lead to demolition or reconstruction of buildings. Moreover, many of Reinforced Concrete (RC) buildings in Asia or Europe built after World War II have been used for about 50 years or more. It is obvious that such buildings, if built with low quality material, lacking proper construction design or unsuitable geographical location are prone to deterioration and as a result need demolition. Dissertation Literature Review
There are different conduction approaches applied while designing and constructing a building. In general, reinforced concrete structures are designed to be durable, serviceable, and attractive. Structural elements composing a reinforced concrete system may be broadly classified into floor slabs, beams, columns, walls, and foundations.
Earthquake Engineering is a body of knowledge that has been in continuous development during a long period of time. This progress has been an evolutionary process, most of the time, with occasional revolutionary jumps ahead, and sometimes backwards.
The occurrence of some catastrophic seismic events around the world were the source of most of the new knowledge, and a strong motivation to work on the problem. Structural solutions used by the practicing engineers (designers), are tested by Nature during their occurrence. Afterward, it appears that some ideas seemingly very good, turned out to be bad solutions. Thus, academics and researchers have contributed to the body of knowledge by reviewing the behavior of the solutions used by the engineers, learning from the good behavior, but much more from the bad behavior and failures of some of these structures.
So, it has been cycles were designers have tried new structural solutions without having a complete knowledge of their future behavior, and later researchers helped to understand why their solutions failed or behaved in unexpected ways. This way, the original solutions have been repeatedly amended, improved or abandoned as a result of these cycles. Each cycle that, besides the personal worries and interests of engineers, academics and researchers, has had a high cost in terms of lives and economic loses around the globe.Dissertation Literature Review
One revolutionary event in the history of the Earthquake Engineering was the proposal by Park and Paulay (1975) of a systematic method of design, based on the accumulated observations of the behavior, during strong seismic events, of many structures around the world. Some of these structures surprised engineers and researchers due to their capacity to resist unexpected extreme seismic events. These structures showed extensive damage in non structural elements and localized plasticization, despite this, the structures survived these events.
From these accumulated knowledge by the engineering community, emerges the systematic proposal by Park and Paulay. They called their design approach as the philosophy of Capacity Design. With the publication of their book in 1975, this philosophy started to spread out. De Buen (2004) tells that the Mexico City building code was modified to include in its published 1976 edition, recommendations and procedures to provide structures with the capacity to dissipate energy by developing non linear behavior. That was the first time these recommendations appeared.
In this context, it becomes clear why many works published before the 1970's focused on the elastic behavior of buildings, and after that time, the research community shifted their interests to study the non linear behavior of structures.
Another milestone is marked by the introduction of computer machines to the practice and research of Earthquake Engineering. In their early times, the computation power provided by these machines was relatively small, but during the last 50 years, the computer power has increased steadily. Wilson (2007) presents a short table describing how the relative speed of different computer systems has changed with time.
The scope of the research made during this long period has been strongly influenced by the available computer machines. This way, many early researches focused on one degree of freedom structures, or one story buildings. Adopting hypothesis of linear behavior and using single seismic records, applied to the models in only one direction. The available computer power was a severe limitation.
In more recent times, published works reporting studies of multi story buildings have emerged, considering non linear behavior of the material and using multiple seismic records. This widening in scope occurred hand on hand with the increase in computer power.Dissertation Literature Review
About the first half of the XX century, it was very common to have more partitions and facade mansory walls in buildings. Also, most of the buildings were relatively short in height. In those times, the torsional response was not an issue, as it is nowadays. The "non structural" walls provided a large torsional strength and stiffness to those buildings.
In the last 50 years, the new buildings have had fewer non structural walls and/or new materials have substituted the masonry walls by light and fragile materials, like the gypsum panel boards attached to wood or metallic studs. Also, first story walls (facing the street side) have disappeared to give way to the wide windows required by modern commercial buildings.
All these changes have had the effect of changing radically the actual lateral strength, stiffness, and energy dissipation capacity of the modern buildings. More important, these changes opened the window to conditions that amplified the problem of the torsional response of buildings, turning this phenomenon into the big problem that has been observed in recent strong seismic events. This way, the engineers, pushed by the necessities and demands of the contemporary world, have contributed to unleash a structural problem.
For the purposes of this research, the topics investigated by the researchers interested in the problem of torsional response of buildings were reviewed. From the perspective of the present time, it is easy to underestimate the importance of the work done by the first researchers. However, it is unfair to judge their achievements based on the current knowledge. Dissertation Literature Review
A dissertation literature review is an explanation of what has been available on a topic by ascribed scholars and researchers.
In writing the dissertation literature review for your dissertation, your reason is to communicate to your bookworm what in sequence and thoughts have been standard on a topic, and what their potency and weaknesses are? As a piece of writing, the dissertation literature review must be distinct by a guiding perception (e.g., your dissertation research intention, the difficulty or issue you are discussing or your challenging thesis).
Seek Out Help From Other Sources Of Advice.
If you are excessively close to your own graduate school apprehension to consider significantly regarding them, visit campus possessions that can help you arrange your thoughts on this tricky and significant issue. Your consultant or colleagues in your section may be competent to assist you if you have a high-quality relationship with them. Further graduate students, particularly those who are concerning to finish or have completed, might be predominantly supportive. University counseling services may prove helpful as well. They regularly talk with students about just this issue. Dissertations
To this point, being a graduate student has been, more or less, an extension of your earlier life as a student. Many people, in fact, go to graduate school because they have always been "good at school," and want to continue with something that brings them success and self-confidence. The reading assignments, labs, papers, and tests you have been assigned as a graduate student may not have been so different from your undergraduate Dissertation work.
Do Some Soul-Searching.
This may be a time to ask yourself what the Ph.D. means to you and whether you really want to continue. Remember that what it means to you and what it means to your partner, family, or friends may be very different. You might make a list of all the reasons you want to get the Ph.D. and all the reasons you would rather not. You might try free-writing about your dissertations and the reasons it inspires you.
Now that you have a topic selected for your dissertation, the work of identifying and utilizing existing information from previously completed research and other resources begins. You are now facing one of the most difficult tasks in the dissertation process – the Dissertation Literature Review. This section points out some property that will help make this job easier.
To answer these and other questions, let's first look at what a Review of Literature should do:
A Review of Literature is the most important chapter in a dissertation.
It identifies, describes, evaluates, and summarizes the current information in your field.
It presents and analyzes the empirical and theoretical sources covering your variables.
It demonstrates your mastery and understanding of your chosen field.
Almost immediately after starting your Dissertation Literature Review you might be tempted to buy specialized software marketed for notes and citation management. Be very careful.
This handout will explain what a literature review is and offer insights into the form and construction of a literature review in the humanities, social sciences, and sciences.
OK. You've got to write the dissertation literature review. You dust off a novel and a book of poetry, settle down in your chair, and get ready to issue a "thumbs up" or "thumbs down" as you leaf through the pages. "Literature review" done. Wrong! The "literature" of a dissertation literature review refers to any collection of materials on a topic, not necessarily the great literary texts of the world. "Literature" could be anything from a set of government pamphlets on British colonial methods in Africa to scholarly articles on the treatment of a torn ACL. And a review does not necessarily mean that your reader wants you to give your personal opinion on whether or not you liked these sources.
What Is A Literature Review, after that?
A dissertation literature review discusses published information in a particular subject area, and sometimes information in a particular subject area within a certain time period.
A dissertation literature is a piece of discursive prose, not a list describing or summarizing one piece of literature after another. It's usually a bad sign to see every paragraph beginning with the name of a researcher. Instead, organize the dissertation literature review into sections that present themes or identify trends, including relevant theory. You are not trying to list all the material published, but to synthesize and evaluate it according to the guiding concept of your thesis or research question.
Now that you have a topic selected for your dissertation, the work of identifying and utilizing existing information from previously completed research and other resources begins. You are now facing one of the most difficult tasks in the dissertation process – the Dissertation Literature Review. This section points out some property that will help make this job easier.
As expected, a dissertation literature review example can help you out with the review itself.Specially, it can help you to understand the fundamentals, formats, style, and purpose of literature review writing itself.
First, you may want to check on the research books in the libraries. Some of these materials have a dedicated part in their structure leading to a summarized form of research results. You may see this part right after the dissertation methodology.
Second, you can look for published thesis materials of other students. They will also have the dissertation literature review section but that is not what you should be using. Instead, use the main documents of the research owners as your review resource. Always make sure that you reference each and every factual claim they have presented in the paper.
Lastly, try to look for a dissertation help online. There are so many custom paper services available which can give you free examples of literature research parts. Aside from requesting for examples, you may actually place an order for a complete dissertation. Right now, we are offering you the best deals in custom paper writing. With our very affordable rates, you are sure to get quality research papers in not time. Send us your order details today for a dissertationliterature review example.
In the procedure of creating the work it is extremely imperative to pay concentration to the dissertation literature review in arrange to confirm your paper’s accurateness. Dissertation literature review is a register or summary of used resources associated to the subject of the dissertation assignment. Now are a few guidelines you must go after throughout the dissertation literature reviews writing stage?
Use Evidence
A dissertation literature review in this intellect is presently like any additional educational writing research paper. Your explanation of the obtainable sources must be backed up with evidence to show that what you are saying is valid.
Be Selective
Choose only the most imperative points in each source to underline in the review.
The type of in sequence you prefer to point out should relate in a straight line to the review’s focus, whether it is thematic, mechanical, or sequential.
While the dissertation literature review presents others’ ideas, your voice should remain front and center.
Use Caution When Paraphrasing
When paraphrasing a source that is not your own, be sure to represent the author’s information or opinions accurately and in your own words.
Preliminary and creating a dissertation literature review can be a difficult problem. For begin you require to know what your assessment must attain and what sources you are going to use. The first step is always to revisit the research Aims and Objectives and ask yourself:
1. What do you want to find out?
2. What do you want to know about the topic?
3. What would help you write your thesis?
It can be easy to forget that the dissertation literature review also helps you to understand a topic. So it's not only a prerequisite of a thesis, it is a learning experience for you.
Try to make your research topics clear before starting a dissertation literature review. This will make it easier and keep away from you becoming beset by the absolute amount of information accessible to you. So recurring to my example, I'd start by using the search terms:
If you be able to locate a well-written, well-furnished, and well-formatted dissertation literature review sample from any of the accessible sources, you will not possibly need any other help. Somewhat, if you are attempting it the very first time, this type of sample can really help your system.
• A simple answer of why this literature review is important is that it is a vital part of your dissertation.
• Similarly, you dissertation is a vital assets of your entire educational career, be it one from undergraduate school or one belonging to your graduate studies.
This is why you need to pay much attention to each segment. Knowing the basics of Dissertation literature review is the first step before you approach the sample.
·This review is something more than what the term itself clearly suggests.
·Reviewing a literature signifying novels and poems is not the only definition here.
·In fact, it means a foundation for discussing information already available on a particular Dissertation topic.
Similarly review of the literature for dissertation writing is the task which demands some special attention from students. A literature review discusses published information in a particular subject area, and sometimes information in a particular subject area within a certain time period.
Writing a dissertation literature review can be just a simple summary of the sources, but it usually has an organizational pattern and combines both summary and synthesis. A summary is a recap of the important information of the source, but a synthesis is a re-organization, or a reshuffling, of that information.
